Issue-22 (11/2009)

It can stand the heat

Lunch? Or a coating test?
Lunch? Or a coating test?

Wetting measurements at high temperatures with the MobileDrop HT

For cooking utensil coatings the usual test methods are both natural and casual: The tester fries eggs or steaks and checks their adhesion. There is no trace of a quality assurance standard. The disadvantages are obvious: From a chemical viewpoint one egg is not the same as the next one – the result depends on uncontrollable factors. The test also only provides two results: The fried food either sticks to the coating, or it doesn’t.

In contrast, contact angle measurements on the coated surface with the MobileDrop permit a quantifiable check of wettability using test liquids that are always chemically identical - either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, as required. In order to make measurements on the base area, which is surrounded by the sidewalls, the instrument utilizes a special optical arrangement which reduces the space requirements to a few square centimeters. New in the KRÜSS range is the high-temperature version MobileDrop HT for wetting measurements under conditions of use - for comfortable measurements for five to ten seconds at temperatures up to 250°C . 



Precise volumes

MobileDrop with fine dosing device DS3601
MobileDrop with fine dosing device DS3601

Fine dosing device DS3601 for the MobileDrop contact angle measuring instrument

The contact angle is an intrinsic parameter of the solid/liquid phase boundary that does not depend on the amount of substances in the participating phases. Notwithstanding this, measuring procedures and standards frequently require an accurately reproducible drop volume. These demands are met by KRÜSS, who now provides the new fine dosing device DS3601 for the MobileDrop mobile contact angle measuring instrument. By using a micrometer a variable and exact dosing volume is generated and then deposited on the sample.  





Basic equipment for contact angle measurements

Contact Angle Measuring Instrument DSA14
Contact Angle Measuring Instrument DSA14

The DSA14 is the basic instrument for manual wetting tests

The DSA14 basic instrument offers professional contact angle measurements at a low initial cost threshold. The smaller brother of the EasyDrop is the ideal instrument for manual material tests using static drops.

The drop volume is set manually and positioned on the sample by finger pressure using the new push-and-drop dosing*. The sample table height, illumination and focus of the lens are manually adjustable together with the viewing angle.

Even more measuring comfort is provided by the versatile possibilities of extending the DSA14. These include a pick-up table for detaching the drop from the needle, a manual dosing system for two liquids or a positioning table for fine adjustment of the horizontal sample position.

For analyzing the shape of static drops and calculating the surface free energy the DSA14 offers the same possibilities as high-performance KRÜSS instruments – this is ensured by the inclusion of the well-proven DSA software.

DSA14 in overview

  • Manual single or double dosing
  • Lens with fixed focal length and adjustable image sharpness (optionally with 6-fold zoom)
  • Camera with IEEE1394 interface with 20 fps (optionally with 60 fps)
  • Manual control of sample height, optionally as pick-up table or with lifting table
  • Manual illumination controller
  • DSA software with five different drop shape analysis methods and various models for calculating the surface free energy

* Also available for the EasyDrop series
 



“Hot news” about drop shape analysis

Extended software support and improved insight into samples for the DSAHT high-temperature series

The DSAHT instrument series offers a user-friendly measuring technique at temperatures up to 1750°C - under various atmospheres or under vacuum (up to 1200°C). New possibilities are provided by the HTRemote software, which synchronizes contact angle and surface tension, temperature data and stored images in a comfortable manner.

Some applications such as, for example, ash tests as per ASTM D1857 do not require digital image analysis, but only a visual assessment of sample deformation. In such cases the complete image documentation makes the measurement much easier.

Optical recording of a melting process, here together with accompanying contact angle measurement
Optical recording of a melting process, here together with accompanying contact angle measurement

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With a view to increased versatility, KRÜSS has reworked the construction of the optics. Just as previously, a filter eliminates the self-illumination of the sample and in this way ensures a crisp contour for the analysis. This filter can be removed from the illumination path in order to observe phenomena appearing on the  sample surface (e.g. floating contaminants) directly.

Image of a drop of molten copper, obtained without filter
Image of a drop of molten copper, obtained without filter



Now it wets – now it doesn’t

Conversion kit PA3250 for electrowetting applications

Electrowetting – hiding behind this term is a still young, very promising branch of interfacial physics and chemistry. New technologies are opened up by liquids whose surface tension and wetting change in an electric field: Circuits that control the flow direction of liquids in the nanoliter range, or liquid optical lenses whose focal length can be adjusted by the electrically controllable radius of curvature of a liquid-liquid interface.

For studying such phenomena and the quality assurance of the corresponding products an electric field is generated between the sample and the dosing needle. KRÜSS provides the conversion kit PA3250 in order to equip the DSA100 and DSA30 instruments for this special application. Thanks to the isolation of the needle mounting and the sample table the electric field is applied selectively between the needle and the sample. The grounded mains adapter ensures that electric current cannot be leaked via the housing. Both measures – together with the voltage limiter provided – guarantee safe operation for electrowetting measurements; this is confirmed by the enclosed safety certificate.

Electrowetting: How a liquid lens works 

Liquid lense: without voltage (Image: Varioptic)
Liquid lense: without voltage
(Image: Varioptic)
Liquid lense: under voltage(Image: Varioptic)
Liquid lense: under voltage
(Image: Varioptic)